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Along the Bertam Catchment, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, a study was conducted based on water sampling from different points. The study was done to investigate the spatial variability of the physico-chemical parameters with reference to varying anthropogenic activities. A total of sixteen water quality parameters were analyzed. Analytical results showed that electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids exhibited similar spatial variations and were higher in Lower Bertam than Upper. Total suspended solids concentrations ranged widely and were much higher than standards, due to higher soil erosion and sedimentation. Nutrient variables showed significance spatial variations influenced by anthropogenic activities. Among the tributaries, Sungai Jasar showed higher variations in almost all parameters than others. This study demonstrates that the water quality at stations around urban and agricultural areas is becoming deteriorated. Improvement of domestic waste treatment methods, agricultural practices and unplanned land clearing is pre-requisite to preserve the water quality from further deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite is a useful material. It has been utilised to enhance the structural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams (RCB). It is also crucial to summarise the impact of FRP on various types of RCB properties. This study summarises the FRP usage's impact on the RCB's structural behaviour based on previous research by reviewing and discussing the experimental study and finite element analysis (FEA) results. Based on previous relevant literature reviews, the experimental investigation and FEA showed significant improvements in flexure, stiffness, young modulus, load-deflection, ultimate load capacity, fracture pattern, and failure mode when FRP was used in RCB production. This FRP composite material can be used as the external reinforcement for RCB due to its high strength capability, force, load, and corrosion resistance with adhesive and anchorage properties. Using FRP in RCB can benefit civil engineering by increasing its structural behaviour and performance, especially in construction industry., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2023 The Authors.)